Source of NPS

BMP

Roads and Streets

·            dispose of paints, solvents, and petroleum products at approved  disposal sites, not in storm drains or street gutters

·            fix automobile oil and fuel leaks

·            stop oil dumping on rural roads

·            construct a sediment catch basin to collect storm water runoff

·            reduce road construction runoff by building terraces and catch basins, and by planting cover crops (grass)

Agriculture and livestock

Runoff from barnyards, feedlots and cropland carries away manure, fertilizers, ammonia, pesticides, livestock waste, oil, and toxins from farm equipment, soil and sediment.

Nitrogen from fertilizers, manure, waste and ammonia turns into nitrite and nitrate and can affect water quality as well as aquatic habitats.

·            read and follow all labels and ask for application directions before using chemicals, fertilizers, and pesticides.

·            use conservation tillage, contour farming, strip cropping, and crop rotation

·            institute pasture management

·            leave filter strips and field borders along wetlands and streams

·            use cover crops to reduce erosion and terrace areas prone to erosion

·            fence waterways to reduce riparian zone impact from livestock

·            construct livestock waste collection and treatment ponds for confined livestock

·            Use organic fertilizers that release nutrients more slowly.

·            Recycle oil, antifreeze, batteries, fertilizer, pesticides and other chemicals and materials as much as possible.

·            Control runoff from exposed soil, feedlots and barnyards so that it doesn't get into drinking water, streams and lakes.

Logging

·            monitor water entering and leaving cut areas

·            prevent sediments from reaching streams and lakes by building terraces, catch basins, and natural filters

·            leave a vegetative buffer zone in riparian areas

·            maintain and restore effective watersheds

·            implement a plan to reduce erosion from roads

Mining

·            monitor all water entering and leaving mine sites

·            intercept and reroute uncontaminated water away from contaminated areas

·            construct catch basins and terraces, and plant cover crops, to catch sediment and prevent erosion

·            catch and treat contaminated water

·            stabilize stream channels

·            stabilize mining waste areas to prevent release of materials to streams

·            maintain buffer strips along streams

Construction

Construction and clearing land often put sediment in rivers and bodies of water. Oil, debris, paint and other harmful chemicals also can runoff with water and sediment from construction sites.

·            implement erosion and sediment control plan (ESCP is always be referred as best management practices)

·            plant ground cover to reduce erosion

·            dispose of solvent, paint, and other wastes at approved disposal sites

·            build temporary, small dikes to slow and catch runoff

·            build sediment catch basins to collect construction runoff

·            build earth beams and filter runoff before water enters a stream

Residential

Fertilizers, weed killer, insecticides, and fungicides, loose grass clippings and leaves, soil from exposed areas in the yard, pet droppings, poorly maintained septic systems, detergents from washing a car, common household cleaners, improper disposal of paint, oil and other chemicals.

·            read labels prior to using pesticides, fertilizers or chemicals

·            use nonchemical fertilizers (compost) on gardens

·            dispose of household hazardous waste at approved disposal sites

·            maintain septic tanks if sewers are not available

·            Keep roadways, street gutters and walkways swept and clear of soil, grass and debris

·            Use environmentally safe cleaning products that don't contain phosphorus or other toxic chemicals.

·            Cut down on car use, check and repair oil or other leaks and take batteries and excess motor oil to auto shop for proper disposal.

·            Use biological methods and traps to reduce insects, weeds and fungus instead of toxic insecticides and herbicides. Never apply pesticides or herbicides near wells. Plant grass or plants in exposed soil areas.

·            Monitor and maintain septic systems for leaks and overflows.

·            Pick up and properly dispose of pet droppings.

 

Aquaculture

Runoff from untreated aqua farm can brings along nitrogen compounds, liquid waste, chemicals and other substances that may cause water quality deterioration, both surface and groundwater.

·            Harvest, stockpile and dispose of animal manure from concentrated animal feeding operations by minimize discharge of nitrogen pollutants by leaching and runoff.

·            Convey aquaculture facility wastewater to settling basins or lagoon

·            Convey aquaculture waters and runoff to agricultural crop lands

·            Convey aquaculture waters to groundwater recharge system

·            Collect and convey liquid wastes to a storage facility or treatment

·            Design and construct appropriate storage or treatment basins

·            Divert, collect and convey storm runoff to storage facility

·            Convey and construct appropriate diversion structures

·            Seal ponds and lagoons for water loss

·            Close facilities in a manner to minimize the discharge of nitrogen pollutants